A SCOPING REVIEW OF PSYCHOMETRIC SCALES ASSESSING ATTITUDES TOWARD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31108/3.2025.9.2.18Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore human attitude toward artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of its rapid development and growing presence in everyday life. Given the widespread adoption of AI technologies, there is an increasing need in accurate and valid instruments for assessing attitudes. The author examines validated psychometric tools designed to evaluate human attitude toward AI, which are of interest for psychologists and sociologists, as well as for researchers and developers of AI technologies. As reflected in the title, the aim of this scoping review is identification and systematization of existing scales created to assess attitude toward artificial intelligence using modern standardized protocols. The analysis covers five validated instruments: GAAIS, ATTARI-12, ATAI, AIAS-4, and AIAI.
Research methods. The current review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR methodology and quality evaluation criteria adopted by the author from the COSMIN and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.
Results. The article discusses theoretical foundations and structural design of these tools, along with empirical evidence of their scientific rigor. A detailed analysis of the psychometric properties and practical implications of each scale is provided, including reliability, validity, and reporting transparency. Limitation discovered was the lack of cross-cultural adaptation, as most scales were developed for Western countries and demonstrated limited applicability to other sociocultural populations. Findings indicated that ATTARI-12 received the highest scores across most criteria, including test-retest reliability. The other four scales showed strong internal consistency and validity, but at the same time they demonstrated certain limitations in terms of their cross-cultural adaptation, sample representativeness, and temporal stability.
Conclusions. The article concluded that while there are several high-quality validated psychometric instruments, future research should focus on their standardization, temporal stability, and cross-cultural validation. The review also highlighted the need to develop specialized tools for evaluating attitudes toward emerging forms of AI, including generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini), as it rapidly gains popularity among users of different age, professional experience, and levels of digital competence.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, attitude toward AI, psychometric scales, validity, cross-cultural adaptation, ChatGPT, generative AI
Accepted: 12.06.2025
Reviewed: 22.08.2025
Published: 30.09.2025
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Copyright (c) 2025 Kucherenko Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Кучеренко Олександр Олександрович
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